September 2022
Page 34

New Research on Medieval Sundials

A summary of recent international research into medieval sundials. Highlights the Fachkreis Sonnenuhren database (696 German objects) and debates whether scratch dials are pilgrim symbols. Mentions new findings on medieval texts describing unequal-hour sundials and the construction of polar style dials.
How Sundials Work, Historical Dials, Dials: Mass Dials

Mario Arnaldi
Karlheinz Schaldach
Denis Schneider

December 2018
Page 28

Medieval Sundials: An Overview of 150 Years of Research and the Most Important Writings of the First 100 Years

Summarises the history of research into medieval sundials, tracing initial interest back to George Victor Du Noyer and Albert Way in the mid-19th century. Highlights the crucial roles of Margaret Gatty (mottoes) and later scholars like Dom Ethelbert Horne in cataloguing scratch dials (mass dials), leading up to the work of Ernst Zinner.
Dials: Mass Dials, Historical Dials

Karlheinz Schaldach

March 2015
Page 2

A Medieval Sundial from Lindos on the Island of Rhodes

Analysis of a medieval sundial, inaccessible to the public, found in the store-room of the acropolis of Lindos on Rhodes. Carved from white marble, the dial features a circular design with three time lines dividing daylight into four parts. Based on similarity to English examples and the four-division structure unique to Latin Europe, the article suggests Frankish influence and dates its creation to the 14th century for use by the Hospitallers.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

Karlheinz Schaldach

September 2013
Page 6

The Globe Dial of Prosymna

Detailed description and analysis of a solid white marble globe sundial from antiquity (c. 100 BC) found near Heraion. It uses the terminator (boundary of light and shadow) for time indication and features complex line systems representing hours, seasons, and zodiacal signs.
Dials: Hemispherical, Dials: Unusual, Historical Dials, Mathematics of Dialling

Karlheinz Schaldach
Ortwin Feustel

February 1998
Page 46

A Plea for a New Look at Roman Portable Dials

Argues for re-evaluation of Roman portable dials: forms, readings and classification, urging fresh analysis of surviving pieces and their interpretation.
Dials: Portable, Historical Dials

Karlheinz Schaldach

October 1998
Page 44

Cross-Beam Ciphers

This article investigates the history and interpretation of cross-beam ciphers found on medieval sundials and calendars across Northern and Central Europe. It challenges previous terminologies like 'carpenter's numerals' and 'Styrian ciphers', proposing a new theory that these ciphers originated from condensed counting frames (abaci) used for financial calculations.
Historical Dials, Sundial Design & Layout

Karlheinz Schaldach

October 1996
Page 32

Vertical Dials of the 5th-15th Centuries

A scholarly examination of vertical sundials from the early medieval to late medieval periods, including typologies, geographic distribution, and functional evolution.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

Karlheinz Schaldach