March 2012 page 14
Mike Cowham

The Dials of Saint-Hippolyte-Du-Fort, France

This article describes a walking tour of the 23 (or more) sundials in Saint-Hippolyte-du-Fort, France. It highlights attractive examples, including an equatorial dial, a church dial, and several made by local ceramic artist C. TINGAUD, noting features like 24-hour systems and Provençal mottoes.
Dials: Equatorial, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes

June 2012 page 17
John Foad

The Scoreboard Sundial

This article describes a unique direct south vertical slate sundial found in Wimborne Minster, made by clockmaker W.B. Kerridge. Its distinguishing feature is a system for displaying the Equation of Time and longitude correction using interchangeable 'FAST'/'SLOW' iron plates and possibly minute/second plates, resembling a cricket scoreboard, for public use.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Equation of Time, Historical Dials

June 2012 page 30
Peter Ransom

Postcard Potpourri 22 – Enniskerry, Co. Wicklow

This entry discusses a postcard depicting a sundial at Powerscourt's Italian Garden in Enniskerry, Co. Wicklow. The sundial, declining 50° E, bears the motto 'Horas Non Numero Nisi Serenas' (I only mark the sunny hours) and is listed in the Register as SRN 3933, showing hours only from 5am to 1pm.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes

June 2012 page 31
Dennis Cowan

In the Footsteps of Thomas Ross. Pt. 1. Scotland’s Oldest Sundials – the forerunners to lectern dials?

This article is the first part of a quest to track down and photograph sundials identified by Thomas Ross in his late 19th-century work. It focuses on Scotland's oldest dials, specifically three 16th-century examples at Cockburnspath, Oldhamstocks, and Seton Palace, and a fourth at Fogo, all similar in type and potentially forerunners to lectern dials.
Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

September 2012 page 19
Tony Wood

Cathedral Mass Dials

The article discusses the scarcity of mass dials in larger towns and on ruins of abbeys and priories, noting only two found on cathedrals so far, both in Yorkshire: one on York Minster and another inside Sheffield Cathedral. It describes the Sheffield Cathedral's mass dial and a larger, now largely hidden, scientific dial beneath the clock.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Dials: Mass Dials

September 2012 page 26
David Brown
Harriet James

New Dials

This section introduces several recent sundial projects, including an Olympic sundial by David Brown (an analemmatic dial), a vertical school science centre dial featuring periodic table elements, and the Angel with Sundial at Talaton church by Harriet James, inspired by Chartres Cathedral.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Analemmatic, Sundial Design & Layout, Construction Projects

September 2012 page 29
Geoffrey Lane

The Tyttenhanger Sundial

This article details the rediscovery of a mid-17th century glass sundial at Tyttenhanger mansion, Hertfordshire, designed for Sir Henry Blount's arms and a 13-14 degree declination. It bears the motto "Lumen Umbra Dei" and is compared to similar dials by John Oliver, suggesting Oliver as its likely maker despite earlier attributions to Henry Gyles.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes

September 2012 page 32
John Davis

The Old Meeting House, Norwich

This entry features an 1842 etching of the Old Meeting House, Norwich, depicting a vertical sundial that dates the building to 1693. The sundial, which has undergone refurbishment and regilding, is noted for its unusual hour-line shape and the building's historical significance as one of the country's oldest non-conformist places of worship.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2012 page 35
Tony Wood

Decorative Dials

This article discusses sundials designed purely for decorative or ornamental purposes, rather than for time-telling. Examples include two identical large gnomon dials at Barnsley and Ablington Manor, colourful tile dials from the Mediterranean, and an expensive, unfinished replica of a Thomas Tompion double horizontal dial at Hampton Court.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Unusual, Dials: Double Horizontal

December 2012 page 15

New Dials

This section showcases several contemporary sundials, including a Corian® vertical dial in Pocklington by Stephen Holehan, based on an 1854 design. It also highlights analemmatic dials by Douglas Hunt's Modern Sunclocks for public sites and playgrounds, and a tile-based dial from High Peak Community Arts in Ston, Croatia.
Construction Projects, Dials: Analemmatic, Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

December 2012 page 17
Peter Ransom

Postcard Potpourri 24: St Peter’s, Bexhill, East Sussex

This entry discusses an undated postcard featuring a Dolland sundial in St Peter's churchyard, Bexhill, recorded as missing its gnomon. The image, by A. D. Hellier (1909-1938), shows the gnomon and an intriguing arc above it, raising questions about its purpose—whether support, another dial, or for raising the stone.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

December 2012 page 18
John Davis

An Excavated Lead Sundial

This article details a small, robust lead sundial, 51.5mm in diameter, found in the River Avon at Barford. Dated between the late 16th and late 17th centuries, its equi-angular, anticlockwise numbered hour-lines suggest a vertical dial, possibly an attempt at an equal-hour dial by a provincial artisan lacking scientific knowledge, with possible initials C W.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Sundial Design & Layout

December 2012 page 22
Jackie Jones

North-Facing Mass Dials

This article discusses mass dials on the north side of churches, specifically at Litlington and Firle in East Sussex. While a south-facing dial at Litlington is an early scientific dial, two north-facing mass dials, initially puzzling, were observed to work perfectly for evening use in summer, suggesting intentional placement.
Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, How Sundials Work

December 2012 page 26
John Foad

Nine Newly Reported Dials

This article reports on nine previously unrecorded or undocumented sundials. Highlights include a 1723 vertical dial at Windsor Castle, a Scottish-style cube dial at Restoration House, a pre-1752 horizontal dial by John Davis of Windsor, and various vertical, geographical, and unusual fixed horizontal analemmatic dials across England.
Dials: Cube, Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

December 2012 page 41
John Davis

Mosque Of Uqba

This entry describes a modern sundial from 1843 in the courtyard of the Mosque of Uqba (Great Mosque of Kairouan) in Tunisia. Engraved in Arabic script on a marble slab, it was designed by Almed Essoussi, inspired by Ibn al-Shatir's dial. It uses four separate point gnomons to indicate prayer times.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

March 2011 page 2
Harriet James

The Restoration of the Sundial at Stutton Hall, Suffolk

This article details the restoration of a Tudor sundial at Stutton Hall in Suffolk. It covers the history of the house and dial, archaeological findings suggesting its originality, and the methods used for cleaning, realigning the gnomon, and repainting based on known Tudor designs.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects, Sundial Design & Layout

March 2011 page 31
Peter Ransom

Postcard Potpourri 19—Corhampton, Hampshire

This entry describes a Saxon dial on Corhampton Church, Hampshire, one of four similar octaval dials in the area. The author wonders if they were products of a regional sundial-making business, noting their division of the day into eight periods based on tides.
Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

March 2011 page 45
Tony Wood

Examine Your Dials

This article highlights three 'unique' sundials found in a collection of photographs, encouraging readers to identify similar features. It discusses a two-faced prism dial, a vertical dial with a bent gnomon, and a direct south dial with an unusual inscription, emphasizing the individuality of pre-mass production dials.
Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2011 page 44
John Carmichael

A Stained Glass Sundial with a Magnetic Gnomon

This article details the design and construction of a stained glass sundial featuring a novel magnetic gnomon, shaped like a frog, which attaches without drilling, soldering, or gluing. It explains the experimental process of developing this damage-resistant magnetic attachment.
Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout, Construction Projects

June 2011 page 48
Robert Ovens

Restoring the Sundial at St Nicholas’ Church, Leicester

This article describes the restoration of a 1738 vertical declining Swithland slate sundial at St Nicholas’ Church, Leicester. It details the process of in-situ gilding of the numerals and lines, using specific materials and techniques for durability, and notes a previous gnomon replacement in 1896.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

September 2011 page 27
Walter Hofmann

Umbra Docet—the shadow teaches

This piece announces an exhibition in Moedling, Austria, from September 2011 to February 2012, focusing on time and sundials. The exhibition features models of sundials from Johannes Gaupp's 'Gnomonica Mechanica Universalis' (1665-1738), symbolistic pictures by Ernst Steiner, and documentation of wall sundials in Moedling.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Unusual

December 2011 page 10
Val Cowham
Jane Walker
David Hindle
Kate Hindle
Robert Sylvester
Geoff Parsons

The BSS Sundial Safari to Le Mans, France. 7-11 September 2011

This report covers the British Sundial Society's 2011 safari to the Sarthe and Perche regions of France, based in Le Mans. The group visited various sundials, historical sites, and chateaux, including a specific mean-time dial in Le Mans and other vertical and mass dials in surrounding villages. The trip offered cultural experiences and opportunities to meet fellow enthusiasts.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Equatorial, Historical Dials, The BSS and Members

December 2011 page 22
J. P. Lester

A Stump-work Dial

This short piece describes a stump-work mirror frame from about 1650 in Montacute House, Somerset, which features an image appearing to be a declining west sundial. It possibly represents a dial found on the house itself. Little else is known about this embroidered dial, highlighting an unusual artistic representation of a sundial.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

December 2011 page 24
John Davis

Robert Stikford’s ‘De Umbris Versis et Extensis’

This article discusses Robert Stikford, a 14th-century monk from St Albans, credited in Whethamstede’s Granarium (c.1430) with inventing the equal-hour sundial. His rediscovered extensive Latin treatise, 'De Umbris Versis et Extensis', describes geometric constructions for projecting shadow positions and includes tables for Oxford’s latitude. It showcases detailed designs for various vertical dials, revealing sophisticated early European scientific dialling.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

December 2011 page 32
Annika E. Larsson

The Margaret Stanier Memorial Sundial: An Unequal-Hours Dial for Newnham College. Part 2: Evolution of the Design

This is Part 2 of an article describing the design evolution of the Margaret Stanier Memorial Sundial, an unequal-hours dial for Newnham College, Cambridge. It details the aesthetic and gnomonic challenges, including discussions with planners, the development of hour-line alignments, and the artistic elements like sun rays and lettering. The article also covers the intricate cutting and gilding process.
Construction Projects, Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

December 2011 page 38
Dennis Cowan

The Newstead Sundials

This article describes the author's quest to find and document sundials in Newstead, Scotland, following Thomas Ross's 19th-century account. It details several discoveries, including a cube dial, a semi-cylindrical dial, and other single-faced dials, some in private gardens, highlighting their historical significance and the challenges of locating them. The search continues for missing dials or fragments.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

March 2010 page 2
Simone Bartolini
Marco Pierozzi

The Restoration of Egnazio Danti’s Astronomical Quadrant on the Santa Maria Novella Basilica in Florence

Describes the history and function of Egnazio Danti's 1572 astronomical quadrant in Florence. It details the five systems of time measurement it displayed and outlines the methodology used to re-compute the missing gnomons for a modern restoration and the creation of a working copy.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects, Sundial Design & Layout

March 2010 page 10
Valery Dmitriev
Harriet James
John Davis

New Dials

A collection of short articles describing new sundials. These include an equatorial 'solar acorn' dial in Solar, Russia; a vertical declining dial in Oxford inspired by Christopher Wren; and a mass-produced, flat-packed equatorial 'Sun Disc' from Australia designed for various latitudes.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Equatorial, Dials: Unusual, Construction Projects

March 2010 page 18
Mike Cowham

The Dial Designed for Church Street, Sheffield, by E A Pippet

Explores the notebook of E.A. Pippet, detailing his original 1895 design for a west-declining vitreous enamel sundial for Cairns Chambers, Sheffield. It compares the design to the more modern stone dial currently on the building, which has a different declination.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Sundial Design & Layout

March 2010 page 23
Eddie French

Holiday Sightings (2)

Features a vertical declining dial combined with a noon mark analemma on a church tower in Winterthur, Switzerland. The vertical dial is corrected for longitude, and the analemma is colour-coded for the two halves of the year.
Dials: Noon Lines, Dials: Vertical, Equation of Time

March 2010 page 37
Robert Sylvester

Holiday Sightings (3)

A photo feature of three dials on an obelisk at the Monastery of the Holy Trinity of Saint Sergius Lavra, near Moscow. The east-facing dial has declination lines for zodiac signs, while the west-facing dial shows the hours of daylight.
Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

March 2010 page 47
John Foad

Mystery Dials

A request for help in identifying three sundials from an unidentified roll of film found in the Noel Ta'Bois archive. The images include a substantial octagonal dial, another photographed from a moving car, and a canted dial in a gable.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical

June 2010 page 7
Ortwin Feustel

A Vertical South Sundial Indicating the Equation of Time and its Terms

This paper describes a vertical sundial designed to indicate the Equation of Time (EoT) as a figure-of-eight curve, along with its anomalistic and tropical terms. It provides the mathematical formulae for calculating these values and their graphical representations as functions of time and the sun's declination.
Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Construction Projects, Equation of Time

June 2010 page 10
John Davis

Glemham Hall Sundials

This article explores several sundials associated with Glemham Hall. It details a small, unsigned 17th-century horizontal dial, a large painted vertical dial from 1769, and discusses the 'Elihu Yale's sundial' mounted on a John Nost lead figure, whose current whereabouts are unknown but was possibly seen at Yale University. A modern 'Three Graces' horizontal dial is also mentioned.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2010 page 16
Irene Brightmer

Sundials and Forts in North Wales

This article explores three instances of sundials located within former fortifications in North Wales. It describes a recently repainted vertical dial on St Cybi’s Church in Holyhead, a modern cast dialplate at St Mary’s churchyard in Caerhun, and a vertical declining dial from 1898 at Fort Belan.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2010 page 51
John Davis

New Dials: Newton Abbot, Devon

This short note describes a new sundial under construction at Trago Mills retail outlet in Newton Abbot, Devon. The dial, facing close to south, features a gnomon with a slot for a narrow line of light at solar noon and a cylindrical cross-bar nodus to show solstice and equinox declination lines. The hour points and lines are currently painted, with hopes for more durable stainless steel fittings.
Construction Projects, Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

September 2010 page 2
Frank King

A New Babylonian and Italian Hours Sundial for Selwyn College, Cambridge. Pt. 1: Design & Construction

This article details the design and construction of a new elliptical slate sundial for Selwyn College, Cambridge, indicating both Babylonian and Italian hours. It discusses the selection of the site, the unique nodus design, precise surveying for wall parameters, and the process of setting out and cutting the dial with inscriptions.
Construction Projects, Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

December 2010 page 12
Doug Bateman

Four Sundials in Adelaide, South Australia

This report details four sundials in Adelaide. It includes the Olde Adelaide Sundial at Carrick Hill House with a unique equation of time reflecting South Australia's time zone, two dials at Seymour College, and an unusual polar meantime dial by Government Astronomer Charles Dodwell in the Pioneer Women’s Memorial Garden.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Polar, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

March 2009 page 8
Eddie French
Bradley Dillon
Valery Dmitriev

New Dials

This section features descriptions of three new sundial projects. Eddie French details the creation of a vertical declining dial in Grouville Church, Jersey, Channel Islands. Bradley Dillon describes the construction of a large horizontal cemetery park sundial in St Austell. There is also an account of Valery Dmitriev's "Angel playing a harp" sundial in St Petersburg.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Construction Projects

March 2009 page 22
Valery Dmitriev

Sundials of St Petersburg

This article explores the history of sundials in St Petersburg, Russia, from the early 18th century. It describes various notable examples, including the armillary sphere on the Kunstkammer, the double sundial on the Menshikov Palace, solar milestones, and dials in Peterhof, Gatchina, Pavlovsk Park, and Demidov’s manors, as well as modern additions.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Dials: Armillary Sphere

June 2009 page 2
Mick Le Moignan

The 67 sundials of Caius Court, Cambridge

An exploration of the sundials at Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge. It details the six dials on the Gate of Honour, a lost fantastical column with 60 dials by the architect Theodore Haveus, and a rediscovered ‘great mural dial’ on the Chapel wall.
Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2009 page 5
Doug Bateman

Folkard and Ward, Sundials Australia: a visit report

A report on a visit to Sundials Australia, run by Margaret Folkard and John Ward. It covers their design philosophy favouring cast relief dials for longevity, and manufacturing process using photopolymers. The article highlights their diverse work, including horizontal dials, armillary spheres, and international commissions.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Dials: Armillary Sphere

June 2009 page 10
Tony Belk

Errors in dials at the wrong latitude

An analysis of the time-telling errors that occur when a horizontal or vertical non-declining sundial is used at a latitude different from its design latitude. The article provides tables and graphs illustrating the magnitude of these errors at different times of day and for different solar declinations.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, How Sundials Work, Mathematics of Dialling

June 2009 page 12
John Davis

The ‘lost’ Barrington stained glass dial rediscovered

Announces the rediscovery of the Barrington (or Highworth) stained glass sundial, made in 1641 by Baptist Sutton. Previously thought lost, the dial was located with a private owner. The article details its features, including its coat of arms, a 3D-effect fly, and a scratched declination number.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2009 page 13
Tony Wood

Early east-facing dials

Discusses two potentially very early examples of direct east-facing vertical sundials. One is carved into the stonework of a house in Eydon, Northamptonshire. The other is carved on the church at Great Washbourne, Gloucestershire, and may be the earliest of its type.
Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2009 page 14
Ortwin Feustel

The adjustment of wall mounted vertical dials

A technical article presenting a detailed mathematical method for correcting the alignment of a wall-mounted vertical sundial that has been installed with an inaccurate declination. It provides the necessary formulae and a worked example to calculate the required angle of rotation for adjustment.
Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

June 2009 page 18
Malcolm Barnfield

Sundials within the tropics

An overview of designing and using sundials in tropical regions. It discusses the suitability and challenges of various dial types, including horizontal, armillary, polar, and vertical, noting issues like noon-line crowding on horizontal dials and the advantages of other formats.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Dials: Polar, Dials: Astrolabe, Dials: Armillary Sphere

June 2009 page 44
John Moir
David Harber

New dials

Describes two new dials. The first is a vertical declining dial with symbolic hour marks created using incised plasterwork (pargeting) in Wanstead. The second is a new globe moondial in stainless steel which shows time by the moon for nine days around the full moon.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

June 2009 page 46
Roger Bowling

The gravestone of a sundial maker

Identifies the gravestone of Samuel Turner (1716-1784), a shepherd who became a dial-maker and engraver. The slate memorial in Market Harborough, likely self-designed, features an engraved west-facing sundial and tells his life story.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2009 page 8
Mike Isaacs

Visit to Bramshill house, 6th June 2009

A report on a British Sundial Society visit to Bramshill House, a Jacobean mansion in Hampshire. The article describes the tour of the house, which was the former National Police Staff College, and the various timepieces examined, including a noon mark, a horizontal dial, a stone polyhedron, and a vertical dial.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Noon Lines, Dials: Vertical, The BSS and Members

September 2009 page 15
Peter Ransom

Postcard potpourri 13: Rémalard, France

Features an early 20th-century postcard showing a sundial in Rémalard, Normandy, France. The postcard was used to guide a modern restoration of the dial. The article briefly describes the dial, its motto, and the author's visit to the Perche region, which is rich in sundials.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes, The BSS and Members

September 2009 page 16
Bryan Waites

Searching for lost time: Finding sundials in Rutland

Provides a historical survey of sundials in the county of Rutland, from early scratch dials on churches to more scientific vertical and horizontal dials on mansions and public buildings. The article highlights significant local examples, discusses common mottoes, and suggests a route for a sundial tour of the area.
Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes

September 2009 page 20
John Davis

New dial

Describes a new declining vertical dial recently installed in the Midlands. The design is based on the dials at Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge. The article details its large size, construction materials including vitreous-enamelled steel and brass, and a unique feature: the coat of arms of Aston Villa Football Club.
Construction Projects, Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

September 2009 page 25

Mystery inscription

A query seeking help from readers to decipher a mysterious inscription on a vertical south dial from 1782, now in Keighley Museum. The dial was formerly at the Fleece Inn, Keighley, and the puzzling inscription reads: "C.G · 1 51 33·34·1450".
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, The BSS and Members

September 2009 page 26
Ortwin Feustel

A vertical sundial indicating the present ecliptic positions of the constellations

Describes the design and markings of a complex vertical sundial. In addition to time, the dial indicates the current ecliptic positions of the constellations using a Mercator projection. It also features longitude correction, an Equation of Time curve, declination lines, and functions as a nomogram for identifying constellations visible at night.
Dials: Vertical, Equation of Time, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

September 2009 page 32
Roger Bowling

Two Manchester glass dials

Discusses two now-lost stained-glass sundials from the Manchester area. One, at Didsbury Old Parsonage, was designed in 1903 by Fletcher Moss. The author describes the second, an 18th-century dial at Kersal Cell, and speculates it may have been instigated by its owner, the prominent Jacobite John Byrom.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

December 2009 page 6
Malcolm Young
John Foad
John Davis

William Watson of Seaton Ross (1784-1857)

A biography of William Watson, a farmer, surveyor, and self-taught sundial maker from East Yorkshire. The article details his life, his unique 'canted-over gnomon' dial designs, his publication on dialling, and other interests. An addendum discusses the surviving examples of his work.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

December 2009 page 37
John Davis

Satellite dish sundial

A report on a commercial satellite dish, produced by the German firm Fuba, that incorporates a functional sundial on its parabolic surface. The author notes that the dial is designed for a specific latitude and satellite position and remarks on its similarity to a dish dial he built himself in 1999.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Unusual

December 2009 page 38
Tony Wood

Prism dials—a regional variety?

This article examines 'prism dials', a form of multi-faced dial created from a diagonally sliced cube, resulting in south-east and south-west declining faces. The author provides a gazetteer of several examples found within a specific area of Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, questioning if they represent a local style.
Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

March 2008 page 28

New Dials

This section features descriptions of recently unveiled sundials. It includes a large nodal dial in Blackrock, Co. Louth, Ireland, and a vertical sundial in Stouffville, Ontario, Canada, the latter using High Density Urethane material. It also mentions a large horizontal dial in a community garden in Barrow-upon-Soar, Lincolnshire.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical

June 2008 page 50
Mike Cowham

Sundial Faces

This article explores the depiction of faces on sundials, primarily smiling suns on vertical dials and replica horizontal dials, as well as moon faces and other figures like angels. It showcases various examples from Britain and Europe, discussing their symbolism and design variations.
Dials: Portable, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Sundial Design & Layout

June 2008 page 61
Peter Ransom

Postcard Potpourri 8 - Petts Wood, Chislehurst

This entry features a vertical sundial in Petts Wood, Chislehurst, dedicated as a memorial to William Willett, the campaigner for daylight saving hours. The dial, dated 1927, is adjusted for summer time and carries the motto 'HORAS NON NUMERO NISI ÆSTIVAS'.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes

June 2008 page 88
John Foad

Lutyens’ Vertical Sundials

This article explores vertical sundials designed by architect Edwin Lutyens for his gardens and houses, including examples at The Salutation, The Pleasaunce, Overstrand Hall, Tigbourne Court, Hampstead Garden Suburb, Greywalls, and Mothecombe. It highlights his meticulous design, integration with architecture, and use of specific mottoes and materials.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes, Sundial Design & Layout

June 2008 page 92
Ortwin Feustel

A Vertical Arachnidean Sundial Indicating Islamic Prayer Times and the Direction of Mecca

This paper describes the design of a vertical south arachnidean sundial to indicate Islamic prayer times (Zuhr, Asr) and the Qibla (direction to Mecca). It explains the astronomical principles and mathematical formulae used to calculate the specific prayer curves and Qibla curve, making it readable from a significant distance.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

September 2008 page 102
Doug Bateman

An Early Meridian Line in a Former Stately Home, Hampshire

This article describes a meridian line at Bramshill House, Hampshire, believed to be the earliest in the British Isles, dating to around 1720. It also describes a west declining dial and a now-missing horizontal dial.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Dials: Noon Lines

September 2008 page 108
Andrew James

Sundial at the Mountbatten School, Romsey

This article describes the creation of a slate vertical sundial as a memorial at The Mountbatten School. Designed for Greenwich time and features a superellipse for hour line termination. The piece details the carving, gilding, and stainless steel gnomon construction, culminating in its successful unveiling in 2007.
Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout, Construction Projects

September 2008 page 118
Irene Brightmer

Readers’ Letters

Irene Brightmer shares details of a vertical surrealist sundial by Salvador Dalí in Paris, featuring a blue-eyed female face. She also describes two historic meridians nearby: one in the Church of Saint-Sulpice, commissioned from Henry Sully, and the official Paris meridian marked by over a hundred Arago medallions.
Dials: Noon Lines, Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2008 page 121
Roger Bowling

Liverpool Road Railway Station, Manchester

This paper describes the 1833 sundial at Liverpool Road Station, Manchester, the world's oldest extant railway station. It details the brass dial's features, its historical significance in railway timekeeping disputes, and its role as a public relations tool. The original dial is now in a museum, replaced by a 'dummy' dial on site.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, The BSS and Members

September 2008 page 123
Graham Aldred
Celia James

An Analysis of the Vertical Equiangular Sundial

This paper provides a mathematical analysis of James Richard's rare vertical equiangular meantime sundial, designed to resemble a clock with equally spaced hours. It explains the gnomon's upward inclination and daily displacement, allowing for mean time and BST adjustments. The analysis, an alternative to Foster-Lambert theory, aims to stimulate interest in this unusual dial type.
Dials: Foster-Lambert, Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

September 2008 page 129
Jackie Jones
Rob Stephenson

New Dials

Jackie Jones and Rob Stephenson describe painting a new vertical sundial on their Brighton house in April 2008. The dial shows hours, half-hours, solstices, equinoxes, and their wedding anniversary. The article details the process from transferring the design to the wall, the painting and installation, along with amusing public reactions to the new dial.
Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout, Construction Projects, DIY Sundial Projects

September 2008 page 136
Ian R. Butson

Some Hertfordshire Sundials

This article details a survey of sundials in Hertfordshire, reporting 56 fixed dials, 24 missing pedestals, and 68 mass dials across 27 church locations. The author highlights various interesting examples, including commemorative dials, vertical dials on cottages, historic horizontal dials, and unusual designs like a pestle and mortar scaphe dial.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2008 page 148
Julian Lush

Sundials in Armenia

Julian Lush explores the prevalence of sundials in Armenia, linking their abundance to the nation's ancient veneration of the sun deity 'Ar.' He describes the common 'shell' or 'scallop' dial form found on 5th-13th century churches and monasteries, noting unique Armenian alphanumeric hour numbering and the enduring sun disc emblem on khachkars.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Unusual, Historical Dials

December 2008 page 172
Anthony Capon

A Sundial at the Bodleian Library in Oxford

This article investigates the historical existence of a sundial on the south wall of the Bodleian Library, depicted in Loggan's 1675 drawing and a later 1818 engraving. It provides evidence for its reality, discusses its disappearance by 1814-1880 due to redundancy and weathering, identifies Richard Hawkins as its painter in 1641, and suggests its original positioning.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

December 2008 page 193
Val Cowham
Janet Jenkins
Graham Aldred
Doug Bateman
Fred Sawyer
Don Petrie
Gillian Nicholson

BSS Sundial Safari to the Alsace, 6-10 September 2008

A report on the BSS Sundial Safari to the Alsace region of France, detailing visits to various towns and villages. It describes numerous sundials encountered, including those at Strasbourg Cathedral, Soultz, Guebwiller, St-Marc convent, Colmar, Eguisheim, Riquewihr, Bergheim, Mont Ste-Odile (featuring a polyhedral dial), and Freiburg (Germany), as well as the Kirschgarten Museum in Basel.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Multi Faced, Historical Dials, The BSS and Members

March 2007 page 2
Maxwell Craven

Derbyshire sun dials

This article provides an overview of sundials found in Derbyshire, from ancient scratch dials on medieval churches to more sophisticated wall and public sundials. It highlights notable examples like the Eyam parish church dial and various works attributed to the Whitehurst family of clockmakers. It also touches on the historical context of timekeeping for ordinary people and the aristocracy.
Dials: Vertical, Restoration projects, Historical Dials, Dials: Cube

March 2007 page 12
E. Th. Theodossiou
A. Dakanalis

The vertical sundial of the Church of the Dormition of the Virgin at Agia Trias in the Argive Plain

This paper describes a significant, well-preserved medieval Byzantine vertical sundial found at the Church of the Dormition of the Virgin in Agia Trias, Greece. It explores the dial's historical context, its connection to William of Moerbeke's translation of Ptolemy, and its design featuring Greek capital letters for hour lines. The authors also discuss its construction and possible dating.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Sundial Design & Layout

March 2007 page 18

Birthday dial

This short note describes an eightieth birthday cake made for Dr John Lester, which was delineated as a vertical south dial. The humorous observation is made that it might slide off the plate if placed on a wall and questions if it should show 'temporary' hours.
Dials: Vertical

March 2007 page 19
Mike Cowham

Early French ‘shell’ dials

Mike Cowham describes a survey of early French 'shell' dials, often found carved into church walls, dating between 1050 and 1200 AD. He details 11 examples, noting their varying numbers of divisions, high mounting positions, and possible connection to pilgrimage routes. The article speculates on their purpose, mainly to record solar noon and indicate church services.
Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Sundial Design & Layout

March 2007 page 28
John Davis

The restoration of the dial on the Thomas Plume Library, Maldon

This article details the restoration of a vertical lead sundial on the Thomas Plume Library in Maldon, Essex. It describes the dial's historical context, its construction from lead sheet over oak boards, the damage caused by squirrels, and the repair process including repainting and gilding. The dial is a direct south design and dates from around the turn of the 18th century.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

June 2007 page 69
Christopher Daniel

Shedding a Glorious Light—Stained Glass Sundials

This article, a re-publication, discusses the history and art of painted or stained-glass window sundials in Britain. It covers their construction, fragility, the challenges of preservation, and highlights notable examples and makers like Bernard Dininckoff and Henry Gyles.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects, Sundial Design & Layout

June 2007 page 83
Tony Wood
Harriet James

Painswick Pharmacy– the first BSS Grant-Aided Restoration

This article describes the restoration of a faded vertical declining sundial at Painswick Pharmacy, the first to receive a British Sundial Society grant. It details the cleaning, stabilisation of a crack, repainting, and strengthening of the iron gnomon. The article also touches on the dial's possible historical connection to local clockmakers and its asymmetrical placement.
Dials: Vertical, Restoration projects

June 2007 page 84
E. Th. Theodossiou
Y. Kouris
V. N. Manimanis

The Vertical Sundial of Panaghia Vlaherna Convent in Kyllene, Pelloponnese

This article describes a unique vertical sundial at the Byzantine Panaghia Vlaherna Convent in Kyllene, Greece. Made of white marble, it features 13 fan-shaped petals representing hours without numerals, reflecting local tradition and contrasting with Western sundial practices. It discusses the monastery's history and the dial's architectural integration.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2007 page 114
Frank Evans

Strange Longitude

This article investigates a peculiar Pl. Long. inscription on the 1845 Hawkshead Grammar School sundial. Through extensive correspondence, Pl Long was identified as The Plane's Longitude referring to the hour angle in angular measure when the sun is directly over the style, rather than a geographical longitude.
Dials: Vertical, How Sundials Work, Sundial Design & Layout

December 2007 page 153
Doug Bateman

Ben Jones: Letter Carver, Sculptor and Sundial Maker

This report profiles Ben Jones, a letter carver and sculptor based in Devon, who has also become a skilled sundial maker. His work, which comprises 25-30% of his commissions, is noted for its artistic and unique designs, ranging from shield-shaped vertical dials to analemmatic dials and multi-faceted columns. He integrates his lettering skills and sculptural form into his creations.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Polar, Sundial Design & Layout

December 2007 page 178
Peter Ransom

Postcard Potpourri 6

This article describes a sundial featured on a postcard from People’s Park, Halifax. The vertical south dial, presented in 1873, includes mottoes in English, Greek, and Latin. The author notes its similarities to another dial by J. Smith in Albert Park, Middlesbrough, and dates the postcard image to the early 1900s based on its style.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes

December 2007 page 179
John Davis

John Rowell: Plumber and Stained Glass Dial Maker

This biography details John Rowell (1689-1756), a provincial plumber and self-taught glass painter who became known for stained glass sundials in the 18th century. It covers his life, business, the influence of his clockmaker father-in-law, and two notable dials: the 'IR 1733' dial at Arbury Hall and the 1734 Purley Hall dial. The latter has undergone restoration, with analysis showing engraving errors and the design of a replacement gnomon.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects, Sundial Design & Layout

February 2006 page 2
Alan Smith

The Martin Suggett Memorial Sundial - World Museum, Liverpool

This article describes the unveiling of a memorial sundial for Martin Suggett at the World Museum, Liverpool. It details the dial's design, crafted from Welsh slate with a stainless steel gnomon, featuring a relief based on the 7th-century Kingston Brooch. The sundial is calibrated to show local Liverpool time, accompanied by an explanatory leaflet for visitors.
Dials: Vertical

February 2006 page 16
John Wall

Church Orientation

This article investigates the east-west orientation of UK churches and its implications for vertical sundials. It discusses historical reasons, such as facing Jerusalem or equinox sunrise, alongside practical influences like site topography that cause deviations. The author advises checking a church's orientation carefully before installing new sundials.
Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout, Historical Dials

February 2006 page 26
Tony Wood

Sundial Delineation using Vector Methods Part 3

This instalment, the third in a series, presents the complex mathematical methods for delineating declining-inclining sundials using vector analysis. It provides detailed equations for calculating the shadow plane components, hour and declination lines, sub-style angles, and gnomon angles, building upon two previous articles.
Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

June 2006 page 50
Peter Ransom

The Sundial in the Chapel of Holy Trinity at Rug

This article investigates an unusual 17th-century wall painting in Rug Chapel, North Wales, which features a dial. It details the analysis of the dial's geometry and hour lines using digital tools, comparing measured angles to calculated values for a 53° North latitude, and discusses the unexpected accuracy for a painting, suggesting sophisticated planning.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

September 2006 page 110
Ben Jones

The Recreation of a Negretti & Zambra Vertical Dial

This article describes the challenging recreation of a slate vertical declining dial by Negretti & Zambra after the original was severely damaged. The process involved meticulous replication of the design, adapting features for better readability (without gilding), and installing the new dial with modern, durable fixings while preserving the original gnomon.
Dials: Vertical, Restoration projects, Sundial Design & Layout

September 2006 page 115
Mike Cowham

I Hate Drainpipes!

The author expresses his frustration with unsightly drainpipes and other structural elements that frequently disfigure sundials, particularly mass dials. He presents numerous photographic examples from the UK and Europe, illustrating how these obstructions cast shadows or obscure dials, advocating for greater consideration from builders to protect these historical timepieces.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Mass Dials

September 2006 page 118
Ken Head

A Home-made Vertical Declining Dial

This article recounts the personal project of designing and constructing a vertical declining sundial for a golden wedding anniversary. It details the use of both graphical and computational methods for accurate delineation, the choice of materials, the incorporation of a brass heart-shaped nodus, and discusses the dial's performance and an inscribed motto.
DIY Sundial Projects, Dials: Vertical, Mottoes, Sundial Design & Layout

September 2006 page 137
Doug Bateman

Penshurst Dial Stolen, a Twin Found

This report details the theft of a distinctive vertical sundial from Penshurst Place in Kent. Coincidentally, an almost identical twin dial was discovered in a private country garden, raising hopes for its potential replication to replace the stolen artifact. The article describes the unique design and features of these large, elegant vertical dials.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

September 2006 page 142
Tony Belk

Simple Delineation of Vertical Declining Dials

This article introduces a user-friendly method for delineating vertical declining sundials using bespoke slide rule-like calculators. These tools determine equivalent latitude and longitude, simplifying the process by eliminating complex trigonometry. The article explains how to use these calculators with standard dialling scales to accurately plot hour and sub-style lines.
Dialling Tools, Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

December 2006 page 149
Harriet James

Wren’s Dial Remov’d

Harriet James recounts the history of Sir Christopher Wren's vertical sundial at All Souls College, Oxford, designed around 1658 with 'stepped transversals' for accuracy. The article details its relocation in 1877 and Dr. John Simmons's long-standing, unfulfilled campaign to restore it to its original position on the chapel, also touching on Wren's early interest in dialling.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes

December 2006 page 172
Peter Baxandall

A Very Public Sundial

Peter Baxandall details the restoration of the 18th-century triangular sundial on St Peter and St Paul's church in Blandford Forum. The prominent dial, designed by William Bastard, features a unique numerical layout along the base and Aries symbols suggesting an equinoctial line. The restoration, led by Harriet James, preserved its original paintwork and clarified its seasonal indications despite pediment shadows.
Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout, Restoration projects, Historical Dials

March 2005 page 15
Rosario Mosello
Guido Dresti

The Courtyard of Time of Cascina Picchetta, Cameri, Piedmont

Examines the sundial ensemble in the courtyard of Cascina Picchetta, a 17th-century Italian villa. Analyses six wall-mounted sundials across two façades with varying hour systems (Italian, Babylonian, French, temporary), equatorial orientations, declination corrections, and historical decorative motifs. Explores Jesuit influences and conservation considerations.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

March 2005 page 21
Ken Head

Further Comments on the Sundial of St. Mary’s Stoke D’Abernon, Surrey

Reassesses the original Anglo-Saxon sundial at St Mary’s, Stoke D’Abernon through newly discovered early photographs. Reveals the dial’s inclined face, previously unrecognized, and reviews past interpretations. Discusses typological features of Saxon angled-gnomon dials, date uncertainty, and implications for correct dating and classification.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2005 page 60
Shaul Adam
Fred Hibbert

New Sundial at the Scots Hotel in Tiberias, Israel

Accounts the design and installation of twin sundials—horizontal and vertical—on a basalt boulder at the Scots Hotel in Tiberias. Includes design features, analemmas, inscriptions, and collaborative process between designer and hotel staff.
Construction Projects, Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

June 2005 page 64
Patrick Powers

The Curious Holes in the St Michael’s Church Dial, Beccles

Investigation of unusual rows of holes in a declining painted dial partially obscured by a church clock. Considers possible purposes such as securing plaster or transfer of design, raising questions about early construction methods.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2005 page 78

From the Register - A double take on a direct dial....

Short note describing an apparently south-facing vertical dial, that is likely accurately laid out for its small declination.
Dials: Vertical

September 2005 page 101
Harriet James
John Davis

A Close Look at a Salisbury Dial

This article provides a detailed analysis of a horizontal sundial in Salisbury, noting its age and features. It describes the gnomon, which has a nodus that casts an ellipse of light on a black dot on the panel below the dial. It also examines the hour and declination lines, and discusses the decorations, such as the gilded letters and fleurs-de-lis.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2005 page 116
Curt Roslund

The Intriguing Case of the Braunschweig 1334 Sundial

This article investigates two medieval German sundials from 1334 and 1346 that were early attempts to display equal-length hours. The 1334 dial had a horizontal style, which was a failure, while the 1346 dial used a style pointing to the celestial pole, making it the earliest known sundial of its kind.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

December 2005 page 175
Allan A. Mills

Sundials at the University of Leicester

This piece highlights four unusual sundials at the University of Leicester campus. It features a two-meter-high "Eye of Time" noon mark, a modern sculptural piece indicating both time of year and day via an analemma. Also mentioned are John Davis's "Newton" dial and two matching vertical declining dials in Westmoreland slate, one showing equal hours and the other seasonal hours.
Dials: Noon Lines, Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical

March 2004 page 18
E. Th. Theodossiou
A. Dakanalis

The Vertical Sundial of Hossios Loukas Convent

This article details the discovery of a previously undocumented vertical sundial at the Hossios Loukas Convent in Greece, a significant Byzantine monument. The simple, scratched dial on the Church of the Theotocos wall, featuring Indo-Arabic numerals, is noted as a rare example of sundials on Byzantine buildings in Greece, with its construction date unknown but post-13th century.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2004 page 63
Ken Head

A Pair of Dials in Vendome, France

Report on two unusual dials above the doorway of Vendôme’s museum, one a vertical sundial and the other with a noon line with analemma, with observations on possible missing features.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2004 page 64
Gerald Stancey

Centrovalli: There Are Even More Sundials in the Centrovalli!

Update on sundials along the Centrovalli railway between Domodossola and Locarno, noting that there are over a hundred examples and highlighting three designs on public buildings.
Dials: Vertical

June 2004 page 86
Tony Wood

The First Dial at Chastleton House, Oxfordshire

Investigation into the earliest known dial at Chastleton House, including historical documentation and physical description.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2004 page 96
John Davis

Restoration of the Houghton Hall sundials — a study in patience

Account of discovering four large vertical dials on an octagonal cupola, surveying gnomon positions, choosing vitreous-enamel steel faces, manufacturing setbacks (overseas enamelling) and the final installation with alignment and conservation choices.
Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Vertical, Restoration projects

September 2004 page 101
E. Th. Theodossiou
Y. Kouris
V. N. Manimanis

The vertical sundial of Saint Lavrentios Convent

Study of a white marble vertical dial set into the south wall of the convent church: description of its semicircular plate, upside-down placement, ancient Greek numerals and discussion of likely origins (reuse from earlier Latin/antique fabric or a Byzantine installation).
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2004 page 105
Harriet James

Restoration of the sundial on Market Lavington Church

Conservation report for an east-declining carved sandstone dial: cleaning, uncovering original fixing holes, mortar repairs, paint-infill of hour lines and fitting a new brass gnomon; includes measured declination and assessment of layout inaccuracies.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

September 2004 page 110
John Davis
Michael J. Harley
Harriet James

Joseph McNally’s slate sundials

Survey of Joseph McNally’s early 19th-century slate dials (mainly Portaferry area): characteristics of multiple-gnomon plates, chapter rings with alternate longitudes, mottos, colouring evidence and the regional slate-working/dial-making context.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2004 page 120
Mike Cowham

An Austrian visit and two rather doubtful dials

Travelogue describing a visit to several Austrian dials and analysis of two questionable/atypical examples.
Dials: Vertical

December 2004 page 157
David Scott

The Anglo-Saxon sundial on St Maurice's Church, Winchester

Detailed description and interpretation of the Anglo-Saxon sundial at St Maurice's Church: physical characteristics, carving motifs, probable dating, placement on the fabric and assessment of its historical and gnomonic significance.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Dials: Mass Dials

March 2003 page 17
Gerald Stancey

More Sundials on the Centrovalli Line

Follow-up on sundials along the Centrovalli railway line in Northern Italy, including new photographs and credit to designer Giacomo Bonzani.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical

March 2003 page 29
Tony Wood

Two Further China Dials

Description of two additional China sundials, extending previous findings with observations on layout and form.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

March 2003 page 35
E. Th. Theodossiou
P.G. Marchos
V. N. Manimanis

The Sundials at the Skalnate Pleso Observatory, Poprad (Slovak Republic), and in Otzenhausen (Germany)

Survey of modern educational sundials installed at observatories in Slovakia and Germany, designed with scientific and pedagogical aims.
Dials: Vertical

June 2003 page 71
E. Th. Theodossiou
V. N. Manimanis

The Sundial at Novodevitchiy Convent in Moscow

A description and analysis of the large vertical sundial located at the Novodevitchiy Convent in Moscow. The article details its construction, including the size and markings on the semicircular plate and its plain iron rod gnomon.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2003 page 104
Len Burge

Morvah Church Dial: A Closer Look

This article re-examines the Morvah church sundial in Cornwall. The author finds that the dial was incorrectly laid out, possibly because the latitude was used where the co-latitude was needed in the design. He expresses alarm that this might be a common issue with Cornish church sundials.
Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

September 2003 page 129

Transport Through the Ages

This article features two sundials with a transportation theme. One is a west-facing dial on a house in Warminster with hour lines that look like railway sleepers, and the other is a photo of a penny-farthing cyclist outside a cycle museum.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical

September 2003 page 129
Tony Wood

A Dial with a Royal Cipher

A description of a new vertical dial at St John's Church, Ruardean, Gloucestershire. It is believed to be the only church dial to commemorate the Queen's Golden Jubilee and bear the Royal Cipher 'E II R'. The author also notes the process involved in its design and approval.
Construction Projects, Dials: Vertical

March 2002 page 20
Alan Smith

The Making of the Towneley Hall Sundial

Details the conception, design, carving, and installation of a slate commemorative sundial for Richard Towneley.
Construction Projects, Dials: Vertical

June 2002 page 45
Mark Lennox-Boyd

A Dial at the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh

Describes the design and construction of a modern wall-mounted sundial using traditional techniques for the National Museums of Scotland.
Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

June 2002 page 48
John Wall

Railway Time (3)

Explores the history and construction of the Stephenson sundial at Killingworth, discussing its educational significance and astronomical correctness.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2002 page 63
Harriet James

The Sundials at Wadham College, Oxford

Historical investigation into two chapel sundials at Wadham College, including pictorial and documentary evidence of their former designs.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2002 page 69
E. Wilson

The Sundial at Castletown, Isle of Man

Description and analysis of a unique local sundial in Castletown with regional design features.
Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 2002 page 76
Mike Cowham

Telling the Time at Night

Explores historical and modern approaches to determining time after sunset using nocturnals and other devices.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Portable, Dials: Astrolabe, Historical Dials, Dials: Nocturnals

June 2002 page 82
Walter Wells

A Curious Sundial and a Question of Attribution

Presents a sundial of uncertain origin with unique design elements, and speculates on its maker.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2002 page 91
Tony Wood

New Zealand: Four Dials and a Diallist

The author explores four distinctive sundials across New Zealand, discussing their design, settings, and local cultural influences, with special focus on Ray Sanson’s dials.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2002 page 104
Frank Evans

Austria 2002: A Sundial Safari

Travelogue of the BSS tour of Austria led by Walter Hofmann, visiting monasteries, public dials, and craftspeople; rich in descriptions of painted and sculptural dials.
Dials: Portable, Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, The BSS and Members

September 2002 page 129
J. P. Lester

In Pursuit of Shropshire Dials

A personal account of locating and documenting sundials in Shropshire, discussing stylistic features, history, and condition.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2002 page 132

Extra Photographs from BSS Austria Tour

Supplemental photos from the Austria 2002 sundial tour, complementing the earlier article by Frank Evans.
Dials: Vertical, The BSS and Members

December 2002 page 145
Tony Wood

The Sundial at St Tewdric's, Mathern, South Wales

Field visit report on a large vertical church sundial in Mathern, including physical description, estimated dating, and call for other large-dial contenders.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

December 2002 page 155
Walter Hofmann

Ideas of an Amateur: Mounting a Style on a Wall

Practical notes and personal experiences regarding securely mounting a gnomon (style) on vertical walls, with attention to accuracy and materials.
DIY Sundial Projects, Dials: Vertical

December 2002 page 172
Mike Cowham

A Sundial in South Carolina, USA

Short article describing a modern sundial built in the USA, highlighting its layout, construction, and purpose.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

March 2001 page 16
Frank King

The Pembroke College Wall Dial

The design and installation of the Pembroke College Wall Dial, emphasizing an uncluttered design and prominent nodus for clear time estimation. It highlights a unique coincidence for Cambridge students cycling past, aligning with lecture times. The article details the construction process, including the sealing of the mounting assembly and the replacement of missing stone, ensuring durability. It also mentions AT&T Research Laboratory's digital camera monitoring for shadow detection.
Construction Projects, Dials: Vertical

September 2001 page 91
Shaul Adam

A Medieval Sundial in Jerusalem

A newly discovered medieval scratch dial in the Armenian Church in Jerusalem is detailed. Discovered on the southern wall, it's a half-circle with 12 hour sectors marked by Armenian letters. A simpler "twin sundial" is also present, possibly for different religious needs. Historical evidence suggests the dials date to the 12th century, making them the first post-Byzantine sundials found in Israel.
Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

September 2001 page 117
John Davis

Tudor Dials in Ipswich

This article details the discovery of an earlier pair of wooden Tudor sundials hidden beneath later ones during demolition at Smart's Wharf in Ipswich. The original dials, dating around 1600, featured a "Protestant work ethic" motto. Analysis revealed the replacement dials were more accurate and likely installed in the mid-1700s, showcasing the efforts made to maintain dial accuracy.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

September 2001 page 123
Tony Belk

The Stereographic Projection as a Graphical Method for Designing Sundials - Part 2

This second part details using stereographic projection for graphical design of declining and reclining vertical, and double horizontal sundials. It explains how to determine sub-style angles and style heights, and how the projection can cover full 24-hour periods. The article also covers William Oughtred"s "Horizontal Instrument" and Blagrave"s "Mathematical Jewel" as related applications.
Dials: Double Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

December 2001 page 166
David Levitt

Three Jersey Sundials

This article details three interesting sundials on Jersey. St Brelade's Church features an 1837 south-facing vertical dial with a unique Equation of Time indicator. A circa 1825 vertical declining dial by Elias le Gros in St Helier's Royal Square is notable for its history of obliteration and restoration. The third is a possible medieval Mass Dial, a carved stone found partially buried, suggesting its age and raising questions about its original function.
Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Equation of Time, Historical Dials

December 2001 page 171
Andrew James

Mortar for a Vertical Sundial, a Seventeenth Century Recipe

This article presents a 17th-century recipe for a strong mortar, suitable for creating a flat surface for a vertical sundial. From Richard Neve's 'The City and Country Purchaser, and Builder's Dictionary,' it uses lime and sand with linseed oil or skimmed milk. A tougher version includes 'boring/gun dust.' The author notes fast-drying and cracking issues, suggesting alternative preparations, and contextualizes Neve's architectural dictionary.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

February 2000 page 29
Harriet James

Sundials at New College, Oxford

Describes several notable dials at New College, Oxford.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

February 2000 page 48
Jane Walker

The Downside Connection

Description of Downside School's connections with BSS and installation of a wall dial designed by a master.
Dials: Vertical

October 2000 page 125

Sundials for the Year 2000 AD

Showcase of sundials commissioned or constructed to commemorate the millennium year.
Dials: Analemmatic, Dials: Equatorial, Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, The BSS and Members

February 1999 page 18
Donald J. Bush
P.H. Rack

The Blazefield Sundial

This article describes a vertical, almost direct south, sundial made in 1997 for a barn wall in Nidderdale. Constructed from plywood with a wrought iron style, it features decorative figures symbolizing agricultural life and an equation-of-time correction system via an adjustable disk.
Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout, Construction Projects

February 1999 page 38
Milutin Tadic

Three Sundials in Serbia

This article describes three wall sundials in Serbia: one in Strpce with historical day lines and a Cyrillic motto; one in Valjevo showing various international noons and birthdays of famous Serbians; and a rhyming motto dial in Lesak.
Dials: Vertical, Mottoes

June 1999 page 96
David A. Young

Vertical Dials - A Method of Estimating Their Declination

This technical article presents a method for estimating the declination of vertical sundials, particularly useful for dials high on buildings. Rather than measure the 'substyle distance' (angle between the gnomon and the noon line) one reads off the 'time' on the dial the gnomon is pointing to. This can be looked up in a precalculated table for a given latitude to give the degrees of declination of the dial.
Dialling Tools, Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling

June 1999 page 98
Mike Cowham

Restoration of a Vertical East Declining Sundial

Details the restoration of the author's first vertical east declining sundial, originally made in 1986. It describes the process of stripping old paint, repainting, and redrawing the dial face with hour, equinox, and solstice lines. Challenges in transferring designs and painting fine lines are discussed, along with the decision to use black numerals for better contrast and adding a computer-drawn Equation of Time graph.
DIY Sundial Projects, Dials: Vertical, Restoration projects, Sundial Design & Layout

October 1999 page 108
Peter Ransom

Two Sun Dials in Andover, Hampshire

This article describes two sundials in Andover, Hampshire, both linked to William Hawkins Heath (1787-1861), a brewer and banker. One, dated 1846, is on London Street with the motto 'Respice Finem' and an equation of time table bears just the initials W.H.H. The second, dated 1833, is in poor condition on the Savoy Cinema (formerly Heath House) and bears his full name, solving the initials riddle. The article details Heath's family business and civic roles.
Dials: Vertical, Equation of Time, Historical Dials, Mottoes

October 1999 page 139
Milutin Tadic

Old Sundials on the Territory of Former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

This article surveys 214 fixed sundials in the former SFR Yugoslavia, now divided into multiple new states. It highlights a Roman spherical dial from Sremska Mitrovica, the oldest Serbian sundial at Studenica Monastery (12th century), and the horizontal dial at Belgrade Observatory. It notes the scarcity of sundials in Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina due to Turkish reign, and discusses Italian-influenced medieval stone dials on the Croatian Adriatic coast, including one in Dubrovnik with both contemporary and old Italian hour scales.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Portable, Dials: Scaphe, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

October 1999 page 146
John Ward
Margaret Folkard

Lasercut Sundials for Walls and Windows

This article describes a technique for rapidly producing vertical skeleton sundials from stainless steel using a 3.5-kilowatt laser cutter. Designs are created on a computer with specific location, wall orientation, and date lines. The method allows for intricate details, including owner's names and quotations. The technique can also create silhouette window sundials with sandblasted glass, and accurate analemma plates in stainless steel and brass, suitable for human-involvement analemmatic dials.
Construction Projects, DIY Sundial Projects, Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

February 1998 page 21
Alan Smith

A Golden Wedding Dial

A commemorative dial marking a golden wedding, covering layout, materials and the celebratory inscription, with remarks on siting and legibility.
Construction Projects, Dials: Vertical, Mottoes

February 1998 page 22
Mario Arnaldi

Sundials Painted in the Cloister of an Italian Monastery

Survey of painted dials in a monastery cloister at Taggia (Imperia), noting multiple faces, canonical hours and decorative treatments, with historical context and observations on preservation.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

June 1998 page 3
Graham V. Lobley

New, Old & Problematic Dials in Varenna, Italy

An account of a holiday in Varenna, Italy, which unexpectedly revealed three interesting wall dials. The author describes the new and old dials briefly and the 'problematic' dial in more detail, asking for help with its unexplained features.
Dials: Vertical

June 1998 page 38
John Singleton

Reclining and Declining Dials

This article provides a straightforward set of equations for the design of sundials that simultaneously recline from the vertical and decline from the south. It revisits the formulas for vertical declining dials and demonstrates how these two types of tilts combine to derive effective values for both angle and declination.
Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

June 1998 page 41
Lajos Bartha

Two Scratch Dials and Two Modern Dials in Hungary

This article reports on the discovery of two medieval vertical scratched dials on churches in Narda and Sopron, Hungary, dating from the 13th and 14th centuries. It also features two recently constructed sundials on historical buildings in Szombathely and Pannonhalma, illustrating both ancient and contemporary gnomonic practices in Hungary.
Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

October 1998 page 27
A. F. Baigent

Gregory: The Gipsy Dial

This article describes the creation of "Gregory," a vertical direct south sundial designed specifically for young children and school use. Made from recycled metals, the dial features a gypsy face, with hair and eyebrows shaped to represent the equation of time. Its design aims to attract youngsters and serve as a teaching aid for time and longitude.
DIY Sundial Projects, Dials: Vertical, Equation of Time, Sundial Design & Layout

October 1998 page 37
Milutin Tadic

Sundials: The Silent Voice of Time

This article documents the impact of the civil war in former Yugoslavia on some sundials in Sarajevo, illustrating their destruction and disappearance. Through before-and-after photographs, it shows a marble sundial damaged by a shell fragment, a faculty building dial hit by artillery, and a west-facing wall dial that vanished, highlighting how even these silent timekeepers suffer during conflict.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

January 1997 page 45
Charles K. Aked

Sundial House

Description of the sundials at Sundial House in Culcheth, Greater Manchester, their historical setting, and unique design elements. Notes on their preservation and cultural value.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

January 1997 page 47
Peter J. Meadows

North Declining Vertical Dials Revisited

Re-examines the theory and practice behind north-declining vertical dials, correcting misconceptions and providing updated construction guidelines.
Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling

April 1997 page 34
Alan Smith

Restoration of an 18th Century Vertical Sundial

A case study in the careful restoration of an old vertical sundial, detailing the methods used, historical context, and preservation considerations.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

April 1997 page 51
Charles K. Aked

Queen's College Sundial

An account of the Queen’s College sundial, its history, design, and significance within its architectural setting.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

July 1997 page 3
Shaul Adam

Sundials in Israel

This article provides a historical overview of sundials in Israel, from ancient biblical references and archaeological artifacts to sundial makers of the 20th century. It describes various types of dials, including hemicycliums, portable stone dials, and modern vertical and horizontal dials.
Dials: Hemispherical, Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

July 1997 page 8
Frank Evans

The Stephenson Sundial at Killingworth

A short piece about the south-facing sundial designed and built by George and Robert Stephenson in 1816, of which they were very proud, delineating it from first principles.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

July 1997 page 20
Charles K. Aked

The Angel of Chartres

This article explores the history and function of the sundial at Chartres Cathedral, which is known as 'The Angel of Chartres'. It discusses how the dial provided local solar time and served as a benchmark for timekeeping, even after the introduction of mechanical clocks.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

October 1997 page 51
Doug Bateman

More Sundials of Hesse, Germany

This section provides photographs of various sundials in Hesse, Germany, including a stone equatorial dial by Kieling, a vertical declining dial by Schaldach, a mass dial on a church buttress in Steinau, and a sundial in a park in St. Goarshausen.
Dials: Equatorial, Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

February 1996 page 16
Christopher Daniel

The Shadow of Respect

A description of a large vertical sundial erected in Chatham to commemorate Admiral Nelson, designed to mark the time of his death at Trafalgar.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 1996 page 10
Girolamo Fantoni

Azimuth Sundials Horizontal and Vertical

An in-depth exploration of azimuth sundials, comparing projection methods, construction techniques, and their advantages, with historical and modern examples.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, How Sundials Work, Mathematics of Dialling

June 1996 page 39
Robert H. Mills

The Chatham Sundial

An overview of a large commemorative sundial in Chatham, highlighting its naval heritage, symbolic design, and community impact.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mathematics of Dialling

October 1996 page 32
Karlheinz Schaldach

Vertical Dials of the 5th-15th Centuries

A scholarly examination of vertical sundials from the early medieval to late medieval periods, including typologies, geographic distribution, and functional evolution.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

February 1995 page 2
Charles K. Aked

Bewcastle Cross

A detailed historical and archaeological analysis of the Bewcastle Cross in Cumbria, focusing on its origins, runic inscriptions, and the embedded early Christian sundial, alongside its stylistic comparisons with other Anglo-Saxon monuments.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

June 1995 page 49
David Cook

Brackenwaite Farm Dial

A short description and technical summary of a farm sundial, its design, history, and geographical placement.
Dials: Vertical

October 1995 page 33
Peter J. Meadows

North Declining Vertical Dials

An analysis of the challenges and methods for designing sundials on north-declining vertical surfaces, with trigonometric solutions and practical tips for layout and correction.
Dials: Vertical

October 1994 page 7
Charles K. Aked

The Queen's College Dial, Cambridge

This article describes the large painted sundial in the Old Court of Queens' College, Cambridge. It discusses its history, including early records, refurbishments, and frequent repainting due to paint deterioration. The article refutes the tradition that Sir Isaac Newton designed the dial, details its features like the gilt sun-burst gnomon, Roman numerals, zodiacal signs, and scales for day duration and sunrise time. It also clarifies that it's not a "Moon dial" but has a moon table of dubious utility, and suggests improvements for future restoration for better clarity and accuracy.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

October 1994 page 24
John Wall

The Albert Park, Middlesbrough, Sundial

This article details the unusual vertical direct south sundial in Albert Park, Middlesbrough, a collaborative achievement designed by John Smith and commissioned by H.W.F. Bolckow in 1876. It highlights the dial's numerous literary quotations in four languages, reflecting Victorian spiritual sentiments, and its unique feature of showing time in New York, Melbourne, and Albert Park. The article discusses the dial's dilapidated state, the existence of an almost exact wooden copy (possibly a prototype), and delves into John Smith's eccentric life as a self-taught farmer-astronomer-diallist, tracing his earlier sundial creations and inventions that culminated in this masterpiece.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

October 1994 page 41
Peter J. Meadows

Vertical Dial Furniture

This article focuses on the additional informational elements, or "furniture," found on vertical sundials beyond just hour lines. It uses the Queens' College dial as an example of a dial rich in such information (altitude, azimuth, zodiac, sunrise time, day length). The author explains how to calculate and display various furniture types, including equinox and solstice declination lines, altitude and azimuth lines, and monthly declination lines, all based on the shadow cast by a "nodus" on the dial. The methodology involves transforming the vertical dial to an equivalent horizontal dial for simplified calculations and discusses the practical aspects of displaying such data.
Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

June 1993 page 28
Colin McVean

Laying Out a Vertical Declining Dial

This article explains the geometric method for laying out a vertical declining sundial, drawing from F.W. Cousin's book Sundials. It details how to determine the style base, style height, equinoctial line, and noon line using a series of right angles and specific angles for latitude and wall declination. The process is illustrated with an example of a vertical dial declining West 30° at Latitude 50°N.
DIY Sundial Projects, Dials: Vertical, Mathematics of Dialling, Sundial Design & Layout

June 1993 page 40
Charles K. Aked

The Merton College Chapel Dial

This article describes the unusual sundial on the north wall of Merton College Chapel, Oxford, discussing its restoration and historical attribution to Henry Briggs or John Bainbridge. It analyses the confusing sets of lines, including declination and azimuth lines, and explains the dial's limited functionality (5.30 to 10.00 am in summer) due to its orientation and surrounding buildings, suggesting it was an academic exercise rather than a practical time indicator.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Sundial Design & Layout

October 1993 page 2
René R.-J. Rohr

The Sundial of the Old Franciscan Church in Rouffach

This article details the restoration of a unique astronomical chronogram sundial in Rouffach, France, dating from the early 17th century. It describes the fresco's depiction of planetary orbits based on Ptolemy and Tycho Brahe, highlighting challenges in deciphering faded inscriptions and the astrological significance of a lunar eclipse on the original dial's date in 1617.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects, Sundial Design & Layout

October 1993 page 20
Margaret Stanier

Some Sundials of Cambridgeshire

This article surveys various sundials across Cambridgeshire, including church wall dials, horizontal garden dials, and armillary spheres. It highlights specific examples, discussing their dates, inscriptions, restoration efforts, and the materials used. The text also notes the ongoing loss of old dials due to weathering but also the creation of new commemorative ones.
Dials: Armillary Sphere, Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Mass Dials, Dials: Multi Faced, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

October 1993 page 24
Frank Evans

A Tyneside Shipyard Sundial

This article tells the story of a sundial from the Neptune Shipyard in Walker, Newcastle-on-Tyne, founded by J. Wigham Richardson in 1860. It traces the dial's history, its motto, and its eventual restoration. The article highlights Richardson's skill as a geometrist and the involvement of his partner, Denham Christie, and describes the dial's characteristics and its journey to the Trinity Maritime Centre.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

February 1992 page 40
Milutin Tadic

A Protest Sundial

This article describes a "protest sundial" unveiled in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, on September 6, 1991. Carved into a granite slab, it features standard astronomical content but incorporates a modified sketch of the former Berlin Wall and a satirical drawing by Honoré Daumier depicting Chronos with a cannon. The creators named it a "protest sundial" as an acerbic comment on the gloomy everyday life in Yugoslavia, reflecting political commentary through gnomonics.
Dials: Vertical, Mottoes

June 1992 page 36
Colin McVean

Long Newnton Church Dial

This account describes the restoration of a West vertical decliner church dial at Long Newnton, Gloucestershire, initiated by Brigadier Neilson. Colin McVean assisted in redrawing the dial, correcting for local apparent time, and creating a card model. Mr. E.J. Clark then professionally crafted the painted oak dial with gilded Roman numerals, which was successfully erected and confirmed to be accurate.
Dials: Vertical, Restoration projects

October 1992 page 2
Christopher Daniel

Domus Coelestis

This article describes 18th-century slate sundials at Tawstock and Marwood churches by John Berry, the Tawstock dial being notable for its "domifying circles" or "circles of position". Berry, a local stonemason probably had help from a Cambridge don in laying out these sophisticated dials. These unusual domus lines indicate which astrological (rather than astronomical) zodiacal house the sun is in. The dial also features zodiacal signs, time of noon in various places, azimuth lines, and diurnal arcs for day length.
Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials

October 1992 page 17
Walter Wells

Two Notable Sundial Makers of Leicestershire

This article profiles two Leicestershire sundial makers: William Pearson and Thomas Scott Elgood. Pearson, a rector and astronomer, constructed a precise direct vertical dial in 1834 for his observatory. Elgood, an engineer, crafted a decorative slate dial in 1897 for St. Martin's Church, featuring biblical mottoes and Evangelist symbols, focusing on elegance rather than scientific precision.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Mottoes

July 1991 page 14
J.G.T.M. Cabot

A Sundial for the Window Sill

This article presents a novel DIY sundial for a window sill, featuring a stationary reading point. The author explains the construction process: delineating a vertical sundial as if for exterior mounting, then rotating it 180 degrees about the horizontal axis perpendicular to the window. Read the time by watching the shadows of the hour lines pass a stationary reading point 'nodus' on a horizontal surface. Mirroring the hour figures allows them to be read legibly.
DIY Sundial Projects, Dials: Unusual, Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

October 1990 page 4

Sundials in the Afternoon - Notice of Meeting

This is a notice for a meeting on 10th November 1990 in Crowthorne, Berkshire. Doug Bateman will speak on the restoration of a vertical declining dial with an analemma at Dial House, and Christopher St. J. Daniel will discuss its original maker, Joseph Alfred Hardcastle.
Dials: Vertical, Historical Dials, Restoration projects

October 1990 page 15
Allan A. Mills

Seasonal-Hour Sundials for the British Isles

This article explains seasonal hours, a duodecimal system of dividing daylight used before mechanical clocks. It provides accurate patterns for horizontal and vertical seasonal-hour sundials suitable for latitudes 50-60° in the British Isles, noting that hour lines are shallow curves rather than straight.
Dials: Horizontal, Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

October 1990 page 28

Making a Start - Vertical Sundial

This guide provides step-by-step instructions for beginners to construct a south-facing vertical sundial using basic geometry. It covers drawing hour lines at 15° intervals and determining gnomon placement, encouraging readers to transfer their design to a permanent plate and understand the difference between local solar time and clock time.
DIY Sundial Projects, Dials: Vertical, Sundial Design & Layout

November 1989 page 2
Peter I. Drinkwater

An Analemmatic Dial on a Vertical Plane.

The author explores applying the analemmatic dial principle to vertical planes, contrasting it with the more common horizontal version. The article provides the trigonometric calculations necessary for constructing such a dial on a vertical declining plane, detailing how to find the sub-style to meridian, the dial's "latitude," and the difference of meridians. It describes the layout process involving primary and minor axis circles to generate hour points and arcs for zodiacal signs, explaining why a movable gnomon is impractical for vertical planes and instead a horizontal rod is used. The dial is presented as a philosophical exercise, a functional piece for those interested in the Zodiac, or an aesthetic wall ornament.
Dials: Vertical, Dials: Analemmatic, Mathematics of Dialling